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Disease Profile

Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

Q87.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Pfeiffer cardiocranial syndrome; Craniostenosis, sagittal, with congenital heart disease, mental deficiency, and mandibular ankylosis; Pfeiffer Singer Zschiesche syndrome;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2872

Definition
Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome is an extremely rare disorder recognized in less than ten patients worldwide and characterized by a congenital heart defect, sagittal craniosynostosis and severe developmental delay (growth retardation and intellectual deficit).

Clinical description
Genital and renal anomalies, and various dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, low set ears, dysplastic ears, micrognathia, mandibular ankylosis, syndactyly) may be present. Joint and palpebral abnormalities may also occur.

Etiology
The etiology remains unknown. The occurrence of the syndrome in a brother-sister sibship supports the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance and submicroscopic deletions have also been proposed as possible causes.

Management and treatment
Management depends on the cardinal manifestations and includes surgery for cranial decompression. Supportive measures should be offered.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Global developmental delay
0001263
Intrauterine growth retardation
Prenatal growth deficiency
Prenatal growth retardation

[ more ]

0001511
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw

[ more ]

0000347
Sagittal craniosynostosis
Early closure of midline skull joint
Midline skull joint closes early

[ more ]

0004442
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Freezing of jaw joint
0012478
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal hair whorl
Abnormal hair whorls
Abnormal whorl of hair

[ more ]

0010721
Abnormal heart morphology
Abnormality of the heart
Abnormally shaped heart
Heart defect

[ more ]

0001627
Abnormal trachea morphology
0002778
Bifid uvula
0000193
Broad philtrum
0000289
Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger
0009540
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testes
Undescended testis

[ more ]

0000028
Cutaneous syndactyly of toes
Webbed skin of toes
0010621
Deep palmar crease
Deep palm line
0006191
Dolichocephaly
Long, narrow head
Tall and narrow skull

[ more ]

0000268
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Episodic tachypnea
0002876
High, narrow palate
Narrow, high-arched roof of mouth
Narrow, highly arched roof of mouth

[ more ]

0002705
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Hypospadias
0000047
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears
0000368
Micropenis
Short penis
Small penis

[ more ]

0000054
Plantar flexion contractures
0008112
Prominent forehead
Pronounced forehead
Protruding forehead

[ more ]

0011220
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Slender finger
Narrow fingers
Slender fingers
thin fingers

[ more ]

0001238
Small hypothenar eminence
0010487
Sparse hair
0008070
Torticollis
Wry neck
0000473
Umbilical hernia
0001537
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal tracheobronchial morphology
0005607
Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology
0030680
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Growth delay
Delayed growth
Growth deficiency
Growth failure
Growth retardation
Poor growth
Retarded growth

[ more ]

0001510
Microphallus
0030260
Trismus
Lockjaw
0000211

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Pfeiffer-type cardiocranial syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.