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Disease Profile

Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

G23.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

BPAN; NBIA5; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 5;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), also known as static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA), is a hereditary neurologic disorder. It is part of the group of disorders known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. This disorder presents with global developmental delay in childhood which becomes progressive in early adulthood. Symptoms include dystonia (a movement disorder resulting in muscular spasms, twisting and repetitive movements) spasticity, parkinsonism (slurred or slow speech, stiffness of the muscles, slow movement, and visible tremors), and cognitive decline.[1][2] BPAN is caused by mutations in the WDR45 gene.[3] It is inherited in a dominant X-linked manner. Treatment is aimed at addressing the symptoms found in each individual.[2]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology
0012332
Abnormality of eye movement
Abnormal eye movement
Abnormal eye movements
Eye movement abnormalities
Eye movement issue

[ more ]

0000496
Bradykinesia
Slow movements
Slowness of movements

[ more ]

0002067
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Cerebral atrophy
Degeneration of cerebrum
0002059
Dementia
Dementia, progressive
Progressive dementia

[ more ]

0000726
Dystonia
0001332
Frontal release signs
0000743
Global developmental delay
0001263
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Iron accumulation in substantia nigra
0012678
Parkinsonism
0001300
Poor speech
0002465
Progressive encephalopathy
0002448
Rigidity
Muscle rigidity
0002063
Sleep disturbance
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping

[ more ]

0002360
Spastic paraparesis
0002313
Tremor
0001337
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Aggressive behavior
Aggressiveness
Aggression
Aggressive behaviour

[ more ]

0000718
Optic atrophy
0000648
Seizure
0001250
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Absent speech
Absent speech development
Lack of language development
Lack of speech
No speech development
No speech or language development
Nonverbal

[ more ]

0001344
Neurodegeneration
Ongoing loss of nerve cells
0002180
X-linked dominant inheritance
0001423

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration . This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

In-Depth Information

  • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.

References

  1. Jankovic J. Bradykinetic movement disorders in children. UpToDate. August 12, 2015; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bradykinetic-movement-disorders-in-children.
  2. NBIA Disorders Association. Overview of NBIA Disorders. https://www.nbiadisorders.org/about-nbia/overview-of-nbia-disorders.
  3. Saitsu, H & cols. De novo mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood. Nature Genet. 2013; 45:445-449. https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v45/n4/full/ng.2562.html.